Amino Acids- Definition, Properties, Structure, Classification

               AMINO ACIDS

Amino Acids- Definition, Properties, Structure, Classificationcation

Introduction

"Amino acids are the development squares of proteins"

 Amino acids are the monomer of a bio-polymer which is called as proteins.

 They structure protein by a biochemical bond called Peptide bond or peptid linkage.

Different number of amino horrendous joins to each other with peptide add to

structure "protein". There are twenty unique kinds of amino acids yet with

Different mix they structure various types of protein.

STRUCTURE

Amino disastrous has unimaginably clear arrangement. It contain a focal alpha carbon

(The carbon related with the accommodating Group is called alpha carbon).

                                                     H

                                                      |

                                           NH2 - C-COOH

                                                      |

                                                     R

There are open an acidic get-together on one side and an amino party on

reverse side of alpha carbon. Hydrogen is open on alpha carbon with

a R pack. The R get-together may change to pass on various kinds of Amino

acids. It recommends such all amino acids rely upon the nature

of R group. So broadly we can say that (aside from glycine) all

 the amino acids.

Contain following unit with alpha carbon.

1. R social event

2. carboxylic group(_COOH)

3. Amino get-together (_NH2)

4. Hydrogen molecule (_H)

2. AMINO ACIDS OCCURRING IN PROTEIN MOLECULES

(STANDARD AMINO ACIDS)

However more than 300 routinely happening amino acids are known, yet just twenty amino acids go to a limited extent in the direction of a wide extent of proteins, plant in much the same way as creature in start. These twenty amino acids are called basic, standard or ordinary amino acids.

      H

       |                                                                             |

 H-C-COOH CH3-C-COOH

       |                                                                              |

       NH2 NH2

GLYCINE ALANINE

Blueprint of Standard Amino Acids

This depends upon the sort of side chain, for example R group present since it is the side chain which gives explicit properties to amino acids.

1-Amino acids with non-polar aliphatic side chains

 These join glycine Alanine, Valine. Leucine and Isoleucine.

2. Amino acids with sweet-smelling side chains

These join phenylalanine tyrosine and tryptophan and ought to be genuinely polar.

3. Side chain containing hydroxyl (- OH) group

These wire serine and threonine.

4. Amino acids with side chains containing sulfur (S) molecule

These merge cysteine and methionine.

5. Amino acids with acidic side chains

These join glutamic horrendous and aspartic disastrous;

6. Amino acids with focal side chains

These join lysine, arginine and histidine.

7. Amino horrendous

The principal portrayal of this sort is proline.

 NON-STANDARD AMINO ACIDS

The non-standard amino acids are those amino acids which, as opposed to the standard amino acids as of late depicted, don't partake in protein blend at any rate gigantic amounts of them acknowledge basic part in the body. There are two or three various amino acids, a not many which having basic physiological cutoff points are given under.

1. Citrulline

2. Ornithine

3. Argininosuccinic horrendous

4.β-alanine

 It is a piece of the particle of an enhancement to be unequivocal pantothenic horrendous.

5. Pantothenic horrendous

It is an all around appropriated supplement; it shapes a piece of the of coemzyme A (thick as CoA-SH or just CoA) which takes of metabolic responses.

6. γ - Amino-Butyric Acid (GABA)

 It happened in cerebrum and different tissues it has a basic physiological effect as neural association.

7. Dihydroxyphenylalanine

It is shaped in tissues during the handling of phenylalanine and tyrosine. L-Dopa is being utilized in review Parkinsonism as in the cerebrum it lead to dopamine which is a synapse.

8. Homocysteine

9. Iodinated amino acids

These are mono - iodotyrosine (MIT), di-iodotyrosine (D1T), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and tetra-iodothyronine (T4). The last two are thyroid engineered compounds,